Demographic trends in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of private independence, fixed rents, and some evaluate of self-administration and functioning beneath the so-known as German Legislation—Launched new villages and towns or reorganized old ones. Cities been given official charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/